A text is a piece of communication by a speaker or writer to express what he wants to say to an audience or reader, using selected word choices based on his role, the audience he is reaching out, the purpose of his communication task, the context and the culture he is working from.
Examples of text at our level will include:
- an newspaper advertisement
- a TV advertisement
- a radio advertisement
- an essay anybody has writtten
- a joke
- a sentence - any sentence
- a paragraph
- any other thing which conveys meaning to you (some other teachers may disagree with me, but never mind. I think you've gotten the meaning by now)
A. LITERARY
For telling about human experiences, usually in an imaginative way to make readers and audience think, laugh, cry or be entertained. (Discussion on these text types is used to summarise, analyse and judge a literary text.)
In which there are three main text types:
1. narratives
2. poems
3. dramas
Narrative
Is a written or spoken text that tells a story and, in doing so, entertains the reader/audience by making them think about an issue, teach them a lesson or excite their emotion.
Examples of narrative will include:
• short stories
• novels
B. FACTUAL
For presenting information or ideas to inform, instruct, explain, educate or persuade the audience or reader.
In which the MAIN text types include:
1. explanation - reasons / why / why not
2. information report - to inform / educate / guide
3. discussion - to share / exchange ideas
4. exposition - to teach / to provide information on how to do something and so on
5. recount - to retell / to recollect what one has experienced
6. factual description - to provide details truthfully
7. procedure - to teach / to inform step by step moving from one procedure to another
8. procedural recount - to provide details step by step of what has happened
Recount
is a text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they occurred to provide the reader/audience with a description of what occurred and when it occurred.
Examples of recount texts include:
eyewitness accounts
newspaper reports
diaries
letters - formal or informal
conversations - friendly or official
interviews
speeches
emails
blogs
sms texts
Personal Recounts
are written from the point of view of the writer. He chooses what information to include and what to omit from the recount. His personal opinion is often included.
Personal Diaries
Journals
Travel Recounts
Memoirs
Historical Recounts
Biographies
Autobiographies
Blogs
Cyber social networking pages
Factual Recounts
tell readers about what has happened in the past. They give information about people’s experiences and how events unfolded.
News reporting
Business reports
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